Sunday, April 25, 2010

W.E.B. Du Bois Biography



W.E.B. Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He lived with his mother who died in 1884 because his father left his family when Du Bois was young. He graduated from his high school being the only African American student in his class. He got a scholarship and attended Fisk University. He graduated with a bachelor degree and enrolled in Harvard University. He graduated Harvard University with a B.A. degree and became the first African American to graduate with a degree from Harvard. In 1896 he married Nina Gomer and had two children. The Souls of Black Folk:Essays and Sketches was published by Du Bois in 1903. In 1905, Du Bois establish the Horizon in Washington D.C. It was a publication for the Niagra Movement which was an organization of African American intellectuals founded by Du bois in 1905. in 1910 he became the director and research for the NAACP. In the same year, he also founded Crisis which was a magazine which lasted for almost 25 years. In 1919 Du Bois helped organize the second Pan-African Congress in Paris after taking interest in Africa. He also took interest in teaching, conducting research, and writing in the years 1934 to 1940. Du Bois eventually rejoined the staff for the NAACP in 1944. He even ran for U.S. Senate in 1948. His wife died in 1950 and just a year later, married Shirley Lola Graham. In 1961 he moved to Accra Ghana and about a year later he became a citizen of Ghana. He began working on, "The Encyclopedia of Africana," but was not able to finish it because of his death in 1963.

Du Bois also had many accomplishments. For instance, in 1895 he became the first African American to receive a PHD from Harvard University. The Souls of Black Folk was a book written by him, which was published in 1903. In 1905, he made a call for action for the freedom of African Americans. This resulted in the first civil rights organization in the country called, Niagara Movement. He also wrote a poem called, The Song of the Smoke written in 1907. In 1927 he wrote another poem called, A Litany of Atlanta.


-Sophie

Thursday, April 22, 2010

Reaction to "The Souls of Black Folk"

The essay "Of the training of Black Men" by W.E.B du Bois is one of the many essays from his book "The Souls of Black Folk." This essay focuses on the importance of African Americans receiving a higher education. He emphasizes that gaining a quality education is the portal to developing a well cultured mind. This essay was written in First person point of view.
The purpose of his essay was to inform people of the lack of African Americans with proper education and the effect it's having on it's people. Du Bois adresses these issues in his essay by stating that" Surely we have wit enough to found a Negro college so manned and equipped as to steer successfully between the dilettante and the fool. We shall hardly include black men to believe that if their stomachs be full, it matters little about their brain." This quote helps to visualize the way people thought of African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance. You can tell that this essay was written during the Renaissance because it talked about a lot of the problems African Americans faced during those tines.

-Omobolade

Wednesday, April 21, 2010

Reaction to "The Song of the Smoke" by W.E.B. Du Bois

I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am swinging in the sky,
I am wringing worlds on awry;
I am the thought of the throbbing mills,
I am the soul of the soul-toil kills,
Wraithe of the ripple of trading rills,
Up I'm curling from the sod,
I am whirling home to God.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am wreathing broken hearts,
I am sheathing love's light darts;
Inspiration of iron times,
Wedding the toil of toiling climes,
Shedding the blood of bloodless crimes --
Lurid lowering 'mid the blue,
Torrid towering toward the true,
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am darkening with song,
I am hearkening to wrong!
I will be black as blackness can --
The blacker the mantle the mightier the man!
For blackness was ancient ere whiteness began.
I am daubing God in night,
I am swabbing Hell in white:
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am cursing ruddy morn,
I am nursing hearts unborn:
Souls unto me are as stars in the night,
I whiten my black men -- I beckon my white!
What's the hue of a hide to a man in his might?
Hail, great, gritty, grimy hands --
Sweet Christ, pity toiling lands!
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.



The poem, “The Song of the Smoke,” by W.E.B. Du bois was written in 1907 and was written in first person perspective. This poem is about how people see him as since he is African American. He is saying how people negatively view him based on the color of his skin. For instance, he says, “Inspiration of iron times,” and, “Shedding the blood of bloodless crimes.” In the line, “Shedding the blood of bloodless crimes,” he means that African Americans are being accused of killing someone, when in fact, there was no one hurt at all, or there was no crime in the first place.
I believe the purpose of the poem was to show that people judge African Americans badly because of their skin color. He is also expressing that he is proud of being African American despite of the hatred towards them. For instance, in the lines, “I am the smoke king, I am black!” which is repeated twice in every verse shows that those words have a lot of importance. In those lines, he is saying that although his skin is light and could possibly pass as white, he wants to be black. The lines, “I am wreathing broken hearts,” express his love for other African Americans and it means that he is uniting them. He also shows his hatred toward racist white people by saying “I am daubing God in the night, I am swabbing hell in white.” The lines mean that African Americans have been through hell on earth because of slavery and being controlled, so now it is their turn to go through hell.


-Sophie

Monday, April 19, 2010

Audio Clip


Done at Atlanta, in the Day of Death, 1906.
O Silent God, Thou whose voice afar in mist and mystery hath left
our ears an-hungered in these fearful days --
Hear us, good Lord!
Listen to us, Thy children: our faces dark with doubt are made in a
mockery in Thy sanctuary. With uplifted hands we front Thy heaven, O
God crying:
We beeseech Thee to hear us, good Lord!
We are not better than our fellows, Lord, we are but weak and
human men. When our devils do devilty, curse Thou the doer and the
deed: curse them as we curse them, do to them all and more than ever
they have done to innocence and weakness, to womanhood and home.
Have mercy on upon us, miserable sinners!
And yet whose is the deeper guilt? Who made these devils? Who
nursed them in crime and fed them on injustice? Who ravished and
debauched their mothers and their grandmothers? Who bought and sold
their crime, and waxed fat and rich on public iniquity?
Thou knowest, good God!
Is this Thy Justice, O Father, that guile be easier than innocence,
and the innocent crucified for the guilt of the untouched guilty?
Justice, O Judge of men!
Wherefore do we pray? Is not the God of the fathers dead? Have not
seers seen in Heaven's halls Thine hearsed and lifeless form stark
amidst the black and rolling smoke of sin, where all along bow
bitter forms of endless dead?
Awake, Thou that sleepst!
Thou art not dead, but flown afar, up hills of endless light,
thru blazing corridors of sun, where worlds do swing of good and
gentle men, of women strong and free - far from the cozenage, black
hypocrisy and chaste prostitution of this shameful speck of dust!
Turn again, O Lord, leave us not to perish in our sin!
From lust of body and lust of blood
Great God, deliver us!
From lust of power and lust of gold,
Great God, deliver us!
From the leagued lying of despot and of brute,
Great God, deliver us!
A city lay in travial, God our Lord, and from her loins sprang
twin Murder and Black Hate. Red was the midnight; clang, crack and
cry of death and fury filled the air and trembled underneath the
stars when church spires pointed silently to Thee. And all this was
to sate the greed of greedy men who hide behind the veil of
vengeance!
Bend us Thine ear, O Lord!
In the pale, still morning we looked upon the deed. We stopped our
ears and held our leaping hands, but they - did not wag their heads
and leer and cry with bloody jaws: Cease from Crime! The word was
mockery, for thus they train a hundred crimes while we do cure one.
Turn again our captivity, O Lord!
Behold this maimed and broken thing; dear God, it was an humble
black man who toiled and sweat to save a bit from the pittance paid
him. They told him: Work and Rise. He worked. Did this man sin? Nay,
but some one told how some one said another did - one whom he had
never seen nor known. Yet for that man's crime this man lieth maimed
and murdered, his wife naked to shame, his children, to poverty and
evil.
Hear us, O Heavenly Father!
Doth not this justice of hell stink in Thy nostrils, O God? How
long shall the mounting flood of innocent blood roar in Thine ears
and pound in our hearts for vengeance? Pile the pale frenzy of
blood-crazed brutes who do such deeds high on Thine altar, Jehovah
Jireh, and burn it in hell forever and forever!
Forgive us, good Lord; we know not what we say!
Bewildered we are, and passion-tost, mad with the madness of a
mobbed and mocked and murdered people; straining at the armposts of
Thy throne, we raise our shackled hands and charge Thee, God, by the
bones of our stolen fathers, by the tears of our dead mothers, by
the very blood of Thy crucified Christ: What meaneth this? Tell us
the plan; give us the sign!
Keep not Thou silence, O God!
Sit no longer blind, Lord God, deaf to our prayer and dumb to our
dumb suffering. Surely, Thou too art not white, O Lord, a pale,
bloodless, heartless thing?
Ah! Christ of all the Pities!
Forgive the thought! Forgive these wild, blasphemous words. Thou
art still the God of our black fathers, and in Thy soul's soul sit
some soft darkenings of the evening, some shadowings of the velvet
night.
But whisper - speak - call, great God, for Thy silence is white
terror to our hearts! The way, O God, show us the way and point us
the path.
Whither? North is greed and South is blood; within, the coward,
and without the liar. Whither? To death?
Amen! Welcome dark sleep!
Whither? To life? But not this life, dear God, not this. Let the
cup pass from us, tempt us not beyond our strength, for there is
that clamoring and clawing within, to whose voice we would not
listen, yet shudder lest we must, and it is red, Ah! It is a red and
awful shape.
Selah!
In yonder East trembles a star.
Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord!
Thy will, O Lord, be done!
Kyrie Eleison!
Lord, we have done these pleading, wavering words.
We beesch Thee to hear us, good Lord!
We bow our heads and hearked soft to the sobbing of women and
little children.
We beesch Thee to hear us, Good Lord!
Our voices sink in silence and in night.
Hear us, good Lord!
In night, O God of a godless land!
Amen!
In silence, O Silent God.
Selah!


Writing Promt

Read the poem below and choose one of the following writing prompts.


"The Song of the Smoke"

I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am swinging in the sky,
I am wringing worlds on awry;
I am the thought of the throbbing mills,
I am the soul of the soul-toil kills,
Wraithe of the ripple of trading rills,
Up I'm curling from the sod,
I am whirling home to God.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am wreathing broken hearts,
I am sheathing love's light darts;
Inspiration of iron times,
Wedding the toil of toiling climes,
Shedding the blood of bloodless crimes --
Lurid lowering 'mid the blue,
Torrid towering toward the true,
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am darkening with song,
I am hearkening to wrong!
I will be black as blackness can --
The blacker the mantle the mightier the man!
For blackness was ancient ere whiteness began.
I am daubing God in night,
I am swabbing Hell in white:
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.
I am the Smoke King,
I am black!
I am cursing ruddy morn,
I am nursing hearts unborn:
Souls unto me are as stars in the night,
I whiten my black men -- I beckon my white!
What's the hue of a hide to a man in his might?
Hail, great, gritty, grimy hands --
Sweet Christ, pity toiling lands!
I am the Smoke King,
I am black.




Choice #1
Write a short poem or journal entry responding to "The Song of the Smoke," about how W.E.B. felt about being treated unfairly.

Choice #2
If you were light-skinned during the Harlem Renaissance and had the choice to pass as white, would you? If you would, how would you feel about not exposing the truth?